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            <span class="title-hover-animation">计算机网络-体系结构</span>
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        <span class="pc">2021-06-01 10:13:01</span>
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            <h1 id="1-简介"><a href="#1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1.简介"></a>1.简介</h1><ul>
<li>定义 计算机网络的各层 + 其协议的集合</li>
<li>作用 定义该计算机网络的所能完成的功能</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="2-结构介绍"><a href="#2-结构介绍" class="headerlink" title="2.结构介绍"></a>2.结构介绍</h1><ul>
<li>计算机网络体系结构分为3种：<code>OSI</code>体系结构、<code>TCP</code> / <code>IP</code>体系结构、五层体系结构</li>
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<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><code>OSI</code>体系结构：概念清楚 &amp; 理念完整，但复杂 &amp; 不实用</li>
<li><code>TCP</code> / <code>IP</code>体系结构：含了一系列构成互联网基础的网络协议，是<code>Internet</code>的核心协议 &amp; 被广泛应用于局域网 和 广域网</li>
<li>五层体系结构：融合了<code>OSI</code> 与 <code>TCP</code> / <code>IP</code>的体系结构，目的是为了学习 &amp; 讲解计算机原理</li>
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</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/theBoat/img-bed/raw/master/image-20220220192205036.png" alt="image-20220220192205036"></p>
<p>低三层为通信子网，负责数据传输 高三层为资源子网，相当于计算机系统，完成数据处理； 传输层承上启下</p>
<ul>
<li><code>TCP</code> / <code>IP</code>的体系结构详细介绍 由于 <code>TCP</code> / <code>IP</code>体系结构较为广泛，故主要讲解</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/theBoat/img-bed/raw/master/image-20220220192252368.png" alt="image-20220220192252368"></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/theBoat/img-bed/raw/master/image-20220220192306338.png" alt="image-20220220192306338"></p>
<ul>
<li><code>OSI</code>的体系结构详细介绍</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/theBoat/img-bed/raw/master/image-20220220192338488.png" alt="image-20220220192338488"></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/theBoat/img-bed/raw/master/image-20220220192400443.png" alt="image-20220220192400443"></p>
<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>计算机网络体系结构分为三种，OSI，TCP/IP，五层体系结构</p>
<p>OSI概念清除，理念完整，但是复杂，不实用。TCP/IP是Internet的核心协议，应用用局域网和广域网。五层体系结构融合前面两种结构，目的是为了学习了解计算机网络知识。</p>
<p>要清楚三种结构各个层级的作用功能以及相关协议</p>
<p>比如TCP/IP结构：</p>
<p>网络接口层：负责与链路的数据传输工作；</p>
<p>网际层：为不同主机提供通信服务，有IP协议；</p>
<p>运输层：为不同主机中的进程提供通信服务，有TCP与UDP协议；</p>
<p>应用层：定义应用进程间通信&amp;交互规则，有HTTP协议，DNS协议，SSH协议等。</p>

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